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Draft Organic Law to organize
Regional Self-Government in the Southern provinces of the
Democratic Republic of the Sudan
In accordance with the provisions of the Constitution of the
Democratic Republic of the Sudan and in realization of the
memorable May Revolution Declaration of June 9, 1969, granting
the Southern Provinces of the Sudan Regional Self-Government
within a united socialist Sudan, and in accordance with the
principle of the May Revolution that the Sudanese people participate
actively in and supervise the decentralized system of the
government of their country, it is hereunder enacted:
Article 1. This law shall be called the law for Regional Self-Government
in the Southern Provinces. It shall come into force and a
date within a period not exceeding thirty days from the date
of Addis Ababa Agreement.
Article 2. This law shall be issued as an organic law which
cannot be amended except by a three-quarters majority of the
People's National Assembly and confirmed by a two-thirds majority
in a referendum held in the three Southern Provinces of the
Sudan.
CHAPTER I : DEFINITIONS
Article 3.
a) 'Constitution' refers to the Republican Order No. 5 or
any other basic law replacing or amending it.
b) 'President' means the president of the Democratic Republic
of the Sudan.
c) 'Southern Provinces of the Sudan' means the Provinces of
Bahr El Ghazal, Equatoria and Upper Nile in accordance with
their boundaries as they stood January 1, 1956, and other
areas that were culturally and
geographically a part of the Southern Complex as may be decided
by a referendum.
d) 'People's Regional Assembly" refers to the legislative
body for the Southern Region of the Sudan.
e) 'High Executive Council' refers tot he Executive council
appointed by the President on the recommendation of the President
of the High Executive Council and such body shall supervise
the administration and direct public affairs in the Southern
Region of the Sudan.
f) 'President of the High Executive Council' refers the person
appointed by the President on the recommendation of the People's
Regional Assembly to lead and supervise the executive organs
responsible for the administration of the Southern Provinces.
g) 'People's National Assembly' refer to the National Legislative
Assembly representing the people of the Sudan in accordance
with the constitution.
h) 'Sudanese' refers to any Sudanese citizens as defined by
the Sudanese Nationality Act 1957 and any amendment thereof.
CHAPTER II
Article 4. The Provinces of Bahr El Ghazal, Equatoria and
Upper Nile as defined in Article 3. (iii) shall constitute
a self-governing Region within the Democratic Republic of
the Sudan and be known as the Southern Region.
Article 5. The Southern Region shall have legislative and
executive organs, the functions and power of which are defined
by this law.
Article 6. Arabic shall be official language for the Sudan
and English the principle language for the Southern Region
without prejudice to the use of any language or languages,
which may serve a practical necessity for the efficient and
expeditious discharge of executive and administrative functions
of the Region.
CHAPTER III
Article 7. Neither the People's Regional Assembly nor the
High Executive Council shall legislate or exercise any powers
on matters of national nature which are:
i) National Defense
b) External Affairs
c) Currency and Coinage
d) Air and Inter-Regional Transport
e) Communications and Telecommunications
f) Customs and Foreign Trade except for border trade and certain
commodities, which the Regional Government may specify with
the approval
of the Central Government.
g) Nationality and Immigration (Emigration)
h) Planning for Economic and Social Development
i) Educational Planning
j) Public-Audit.
CHAPTER IV
Article 8. Regional Legislation in the Southern Region is
exercised by a People's Regional Assembly elected by Sudanese
Citizens resident in the Southern Region. The constitution
and condition of membership of the Assembly shall be determined
by law.
Article 9. Members of the People's Regional Assembly shall
be elected by direct secret ballot.
Article 10.
a) For the First Assembly the President may appoint additional
members to the People's Regional Assembly where conditions
for elections are not conducive to such elections as stipulated
in Article 9, provided that such appointed members shall not
exceed one-quarter of the Assembly.
b) The People's Regional Assembly shall regulate the conduct
of its business in accordance with rules of procedures to
be laid down by the said Assembly during it first sitting.
c) The People's Regional Assembly shall elect one of its members
as a speaker, provided that the first sitting shall be presided
over by the Interim President of the High Executive Council.
Article 11. The People's Regional Assembly shall legislate
for the preservation of public order, interim security, efficient
administration and the development of the Southern Region
in cultural, economic and social fields and in particular
in the following:
i) Promotion and utilization of Regional financial resources
for the development and administration of the Southern Region.
b) Organization of the machinery for Regional and Local Administration.
c) Legislation on traditional law and custom within the framework
of National Law.
d) Establishment, maintenance and administration of prisons
and reformatory institutions.
e) Establishment, maintenance and administration of Public
Schools at all levels in accordance with National Plans for
education and economic and social development.
f) Promotion of local languages and cultures.
g) Town and village planning and the construction of roads
in accordance with National Plans and programs
h) Promotion of trade; establishment of local industries and
markets; issue of traders' licenses and formation of co-operation
societies.
i) Establishment, maintenance and administration of public
hospitals.
j) Administration of environmental health services; maternity
care; child welfare; supervision of markets; combat of epidemic
diseases; training of medical assistants and rural midwives;
establishment of health centers, dispensaries and dressing
stations.
k) Promotion of animal health; control of epidemics and improvement
of animal production and trade.
l) Promotion of tourism
m) Establishment of zoological gardens, museums, organizations
of trade and cultural exhibitions.
n) Mining and quarrying without prejudice to the right of
the Central Government in the event of the discovery of natural
gas and minerals.
o) Recruitment for, organization and administration of Police
and Prison services in accordance with the national policy
and standards.
p) Land use in accordance with national laws.
q) Control and prevention of pests and plant diseases.
r) Development, utilization, and protection of forests crops
and pastures in accordance with national laws.
s) Promotion and encouragement of self-help programmes.
t) All other matters delegated by the President or the People's
National Assembly for legislation.
Article 12. The People's National Assembly may call for facts
and information concerning the conduct of administration in
the Southern Region.
Article 13.
i) The People's Regional Assembly may, by a three-quarters
majority and for specified reasons relating to public interest,
request the President of relieve the President or any member
of the High Executive Council from office. The President shall
accede to such request.
b) in case of vacancy, relief or resignation of the President
of the High Executive Council, the entire body shall be considered
as having automatically resigned.
Article 14. The People's Regional Assembly may, by a two-thirds
majority, request the President to postpone the coming into
force of any law which, in the view of the members, adversely
affects the welfare and interests of the citizens of the Southern
Region. The President may, if he thinks fit, accede to such
request.
Article 15.
i) The People's Regional Assembly may, by a majority of its
members, request the President to withdraw any Bill presented
to the People's National Assembly which in their view affects
adversely the welfare, rights or interests of the citizens
in the Southern Region, pending communication of the views
of the People's Regional Assembly.
b) If the President accedes to such request, the People's
Regional Assembly shall present its views within 15 days from
the date accession to the request.
c) The President accedes to such request, The People's Regional
Assembly together with his own observation if he deems necessary.
Article 16. The People's National Assembly shall communicate
all Bills and Acts of the People's Regional Assembly for their
information. The People's Regional Assembly shall act similarly.
CHAPTER V: THE EXECUTIVE
Article 17. The Regional Executive Authority is vested in
a High Executive Council which acts on behalf of the President.
Article 18. The High Executive Council shall specify the duties
of the various departments in the Southern Region provided
that on matters relating to Central Government Agencies it
shall act with approval of the President.
Article 19. The President of the High Executive council shall
be appointed and relieved of office by the President on the
recommendation of the People's Regional Assembly.
Article 20. The High Executive Council shall be composed of
members appointed and relieved of office by the President
on the recommendation of the President of the High Executive
Council
Article 21. The President of the High Executive Council and
its members are responsible to the President and to the People's
Regional Assembly for efficient administration in the Southern
Region. They shall take an oath of office before the President.
Article 22. The President and members of the High Executive
Council may attend meetings of the People's Regional Assembly
and participate in its deliberations without the right of
vote, unless they are also members of the People's Regional
Assembly.
CHAPTER VI
Article 23. The president shall form time to time regulate
the relationship between the high Executive Council and the
central ministries.
Article 24. The High Executive Council may initiate laws for
the creation of a Regional Public Service. These laws shall
specify the terms and conditions of service for the Regional
Public Service.
CHAPTER VII : FINANCE
Article 25. The People's Regional Assembly may levy Regional
duties and taxes in addition to National and Local duties
and taxes. It may issue legislation and orders to guarantee
the collection of all public monies at different levels.
(One) The source of revenue of the Southern Region shall consist
of the following:-
a) Direct and indirect regional taxes.
b) Contribution from People's Local Government Councils
c) Revenue from commercial, industrial and agricultural projects
in the Region in accordance with the National Plan.
d) Funds from the National Treasury for established services.
e) Funds voted by the people's National Assembly in accordance
with the requirements of the Region.
f) The Special Development Budget for the South as presented
by the People's Regional Assembly for the acceleration of
economic and social advancement of the Southern Region as
envisaged in the declaration of
June 9, 1968.
g) See Appendix B.
h) Any other sources.
(Two) The Regional Executive Council shall prepare a budget
to meet the expenditure of regional services, security, administration,
and development in accordance with national plans and programme
and shall submit it to the People's Regional Assembly for
approval.
CHAPTER VIII : OTHER PROVISIONS
Article 26.
i) Citizens of the Southern Region shall constitute a sizeable
proportion of the People's Armed Forces in such reasonable
numbers as will correspond to the population of the region.
b) the use of the People's Armed Forces within the Region
and outside the framework of national defense shall be controlled
by the President of the advice of the President of the High
Executive Council
c) Temporary arrangements for the composition of units of
the People's Armed Forces in the Southern Region are provided
for in the Protocol on Interim Arrangements.
Article 27. The President may veto any Bill which he deems
contrary to the Provisions of the National Constitution provided
the People's Regional Assembly, after receiving the President's
views, may reintroduce the Bill.
Article 28. The President and members of the High Executive
Council may initiate laws in the People's Regional Assembly.
Article 29. Any member of the People's Regional Assembly may
initiate any law provided that financial Bills shall not be
presented without sufficient notice tot he President of the
High Executive Council.
Article 30. The People's Regional Assembly shall strive to
consolidate the unity of the Sudan and respect the spirit
of the National Constitution.
Article 31. All citizens are guaranteed freedom of movement
in and out of the Southern Region, provided restriction or
prohibition of movement may be imposed on a named citizen
solely on grounds of public health and order.
Article 32.
i) All citizens resident in the Southern Region are guaranteed
equal opportunity of education, employment, ommerce and the
practice of any profession.
b) No law adversely affect the rights of citizens enumerated
in the previous item on the basis of race, tribal origin,
religion, place of birth, or sex.
Article 33. Juba shall be the Capital of the Southern Region
and the seat of the Regional Executive and Legislature.
APPENDIX A: FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS
The following should be guaranteed by the Constitution of
the Democratic Republic of the Sudan.
1. A citizen should not be deprived of his citizenship
2. Equality of citizens.
i) All citizens, without distinction based on race, national
origin, birth, language, sec, economic or social status, should
have equal rights and duties before the law.
b) All persons should be equal before the courts of law and
should have the rights to institute legal proceedings in order
to remove any injustice or declare any right in an open court
without delay prejudicing their interest.
3. Personal liberty.
i) Penal liability should be personal. Any kind of collective
punishment should be prohibited.
b) The accused should be presumed innocent until proved guilty.
c) Retrospective penal legislation and punishment should be
prohibited.
d) The right of the accused to defend himself personally or
through an agent should be guaranteed.
e) No person should be arrested, detained or imprisoned except
in accordance with the due process of law, and no person should
remain in custody or detention for more than twenty-four hours
without judicial order.
f) No accused person should be subjected to inducement, intimidation
of torture in order to extract evidence from him whether in
his favor or against him or against any other person, and
no humiliating punishment should be inflicted on any convicted
person.
4. Freedom of Religion and Conscience.
a) Every person should enjoy freedom of religious opinion
and of conscience and the right to profess them publicly and
privately and to establish religious institutions subject
to reasonable limitations in favor of morality, health or
public order as prescribed by law.
b) Parents and Guardians should be guaranteed the right to
educate their children and those under their care in accordance
with the relation of their choice.
5. Protection of Labor.
i) Forced and compulsory labor of any kind should be prohibited
except when ordered for military or civil necessity or pursuant
to penal punishment prescribed by law.
ii) The right to equal pay for equal work should be guaranteed.
6. Freedom of minority to use their languages and develop
their culture should be guaranteed.
APPENDIX B: DRAFT ORDINANCE ON ITEMS OR REVENUE AND GRANTS-IN-AID
FOR
THE SOUTHERN REGION
1. Profits accruing to the Central Government as a result
of exporting products of the Southern Region.
2. Business Profit Tax of the Southern Region that are at
present in the Central list of the Ministry of Treasury.
3. Excise Duties on alcoholic beverages and spirits consumed
in the Southern Region.
4. Profits on sugar consumed in Southern Region.
5. Royalties of forest products of the Southern Region.
6. Royalties on leaf Tobacco and Cigarettes.
7. Taxation on property other than that provided in the Rates
Ordinance.
8. Taxes and Rates on Central and Local Government Projects
(5 percent of net profits of factories, co-operative societies,
agricultural enterprises and cinemas).
9. Revenue accruing from Central Government activities in
the Southern Region provided the Region shall bear maintenance
expenses e.g., Post Office revenue, land sales, sale of forms
and documents, stamp duties and any other item to e specified
from time to time.
10. Licenses other than those provided for in the People's
Local Government Act, 1971.
11. Special Development Tax to be paid by Residents in the
Southern Region the rate of which should be decided by the
People's Regional Assembly.
12. Income Tax collected from officials and employees serving
in the Southern Region both in the local and national civil
services as well as in the Army, Police and Prisons, Judiciary,
and Political Establishment.
13. Corporation Tax on any factory and/or agricultural project
established in the Region but not run by the Regional Government
(5 percent of the initial cost).
14. Contribution from the Central Government for the encouragement
of construction and development; for every agricultural project,
industrial project and trading enterprise (20 percent of the
initial cost as assessed by the Central Government).
15. New Social Service Projects to be established by the Region
or any of its Local Government units, and for which funds
are allocated, shall receive grants from the National Treasury
in the following manner:
Education institution, 20 percent of expenses.
Trunk and through Roads and Bridges, 25 per cent of expenses.
Relief and Social amenities, 15 percent of expenses.
Tourist attraction projects 25 percent of expenses.
Security, 15 percent of expenses.
Grants for Post Secondary and University education within
the Sudan, 20
percent of grants, outside the Sudan 30 percent of grants.
Contribution for Research, Scientific Advancement, and Cultural
Activities, 25 percent of expenses.
AGREEMENT OF THE CEASE-FIRE IN THE SOUTHERN REGION
Article 1. This Agreement shall come into force on the date
and
time specified for the ratification of the Addis Ababa Agreement.
Article 2. There will be an end to all military operations
and to all armed actions in the Southern Region from the time
of cease-fire.
Article 3. All combat forces shall remain in the area under
their control at the time of the cease-fire.
Article 4. Both parties agree to forbid any individual or
collective acts of violence. Any underground activities contrary
to public order shall cease.
Article 5. Movements of individual members of both combat
forces outside the areas under their control shall be allowed
only if these individuals are unarmed and authorized by their
respective authorities. The plans for stationing troops from
the National Army shall be such as to avoid any contact between
them and the Southern Sudan iberation
Movement combat forces.
Article 6. A joint Commission is hereby created for the implementation
of all questions related to the cease-fire including repatriation
of refugees. The Joint Commission shall include members from
all the countries bordering on the Southern Region as well
as representatives of the International Committee of the Red
Cross, World Council of Churches, all Africa Conference of
Churches and United Nations High Commissioner for Refuges.
Article 7. The joint Commission shall propose all measures
to be undertaken by both parties in dealing with all incidents
after a full inquiry on the spot.
Article 8. Each party shall be represented on the Joint Commission
by one senior military officer and maximum of five other members.
Article 9. The headquarters of the Joint Commission shall
be located in Juba with provincial branches in Juba, Malakal
and Wau.
Article 10. The Joint Commission shall appoint local commission
in various centers of the Southern Region composed of two
members from each party.
PROTOCOLS ON INTERIM ARRANGEMENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTERIM ADMINISTRATIVE ARRANGEMENTS
(Political, Local Government and Civil Service)
Article 1. The President of the Democratic Republic of Sudan
shall, in consultation with the Southern Sudan Liberation
Movement (S.S.L.M) and branches of the Sudanese Socialist
Union in the Southern Region, appoint the president and members
of an Interim High Executive Council.
Article 2. The Interim High Executive Council shall consist
of the President and other members with portfolios in:
One) Finance and Economic Planning.
Two) Education
Three) Information, Culture and Tourism
Four) Communication and Transport
Five) Agriculture, Animal Production and Fisheries.
Six) Public Health.
Seven) Regional Administration (Local Government, Legal Affairs,
Police
and Prisons).
Eight) Housing, Public Works and Utilities
Nine) Natural Resources and Rural Development (Land Use, Rural
Water
Supply, Forestry and Cooperatives).
Ten) Public Service and Labor
Eleven) Minerals and Industry, Trade and Supply.
Article 3. The interim High Executive Council shall, in accordance
with national laws, establish a Regional Civil Service subject
to ratification by the People's Regional Assembly.
Article 4. The President shall, in consultation with the Interim
High Executive Council determine the date for the election
to the People's Regional Assembly, and the Interim High Executive
Council shall make arrangements for the setting up of this
Assembly.
Article 5. In order to facilitate the placement in and appointment
to both central and regional institutions, the Southern Sudan
Liberation Movement shall compile and communicate lists of
citizens of the Southern Region outside of the Sudan in accordance
with details to be supplied by the Ministry of Public Service
and Administrative Reform.
Article 6. The Interim High Executive Council and the Ministry
of Public Service and Administrative Reform shall undertake
to provide necessary financial allocations with effect from
the 192\72-73 Budget for such placements and appointments.
Article 7. The Mandate of the Interim High Executive Council
shall not exceed a period of 18 months.
CHAPTER II: TEMPORARY ARRANGMENTS FOR THE COMPOSITION OF UNITS
OF THE PEOPLE'S ARMED FORCES IN THE SOUTHERN REGION.
Article 1. These arrangements shall remain in force for a
period of five years subject to revision by the President
of the request of the President of the High Executive Council
acting with the consent of the People's Regional Assembly.
Article 2. The People's Armed Forces in the Southern Region
shall consist of a national force called the Southern Command
composed of 12,000 officers and men of whom 6,000 shall be
citizens from the Region and the other 6,000 from outside
the Region.
Article 3. The recruitment and integration of citizens from
the Southern Region within the aforementioned Forces shall
be determined by a Joint Military Commission taking into account
the need for initial separate deployment of troops with a
view to achieve smooth integration in the national force.
The commission shall ensure that this deployment shall be
such that an atmosphere of peace and confidence shall prevail
in the Southern Region.
Article 4. The joint Military Commission shall be composed
of three senior military officers from each side. Decision
of the Joint Military Commission shall be taken unanimously.
In case of disagreement such matters shall be referred to
the respective authorities.
CHAPTER III: AMNESTY AND JUDICIAL ARRANGEMENTS
Article 1. No action or other legal proceedings whatsoever,
civil or criminal, shall be instituted against any person
in any court of law for or on account of any act or matter
done inside or outside the Sudan as from the 18th day of August
1995, if such act or matter was done in connection with mutiny,
rebellion or sedition in the Southern Region.
Article 2. If a civil suit in relation to any acts or matters
referred to in Article 1 is instituted before or after the
date of ratification of the Addis Ababa Agreement such a suit
shall be discharged and made null and void.
Article 3. All persons serving terms of imprisonment or held
in detention in respect of offences herein before specified
in Article 1 shall be discharged of released within 15 days
for the date ofratification of the Addis Ababa Agreement.
Article 4. The joint Cease-fire Commission shall keep a register
of all civilian returnees, which register shall serve to certify
that the person therein named are considered indemnified within
the meaning of this Agreement provided that the commission
may delegate such power to the Sudan in the case of citizens
from the Southern Region living abroad and to whom the provisions
of this Agreement apply.
Article 5. In the case of armed returnees or those belonging
to combat forces the Joint Military Commission shall keep
a similar register of those persons who shall be treated in
the same manner as provided for in Article 4.
Article 6. Notwithstanding the provisions of Articles 4 and
5 above a Special Tribunal with ad hoc judicial powers shall
be established to examine and decide on those cases which
in the estimation of the authorities do not meet the conditions
for amnesty specified in Article 1 of this Agreement. The
Special Tribunal shall be composed of a
President appointed by the President of the Republic and not
more than four members named by the Cease-fire Commission.
Article 7. Cases referred to in Article 6 shall be brought
to the attention of the Special Tribunal by request of the
Minister of Justice.
Article 8. The Amnesty Provision contained in this Agreement
as well as the powers of Special Tribunal shall remain in
force until such time as the President after consultation
with the commissions referred to in this
Article 2. Although resettlement and rehabilitation of refugees
and displaced persons is administratively the responsibility
of the Regional Government the present conditions in the Southern
Region dictate that efforts of the whole nation of the Sudan
and International organizations should be pooled to help and
rehabilitate persons affected by the conflict. The Relief
and Resettlement Commission shall co-ordinate activities and
resources of the Organization within the country.
Article 3. The first priority shall be the resettlement of
displaced persons within the Sudan in the following order:
One) Persons presently residing in overcrowded centers in
the Southern Region, and persons desirous to return to their
original areas and homes;
Two) Persons returning from the bush including Anayanya Supporters;
Three) Handicapped persons and orphans
Article 4. The second priority shall be given to returnees
from the neighboring and other countries according to an agreed
plan. This plan shall provide for:
One) Adequate reception centers with facilities for shelter,
food supplies, medicine and medicaments;
Two) Transportation to permanent resettlement villages or
places of origin.
Three) Materials and equipment.
Article 5. The Relief and Resettlement Commission shall:
One) Appeal to international organizations and voluntary agencies
to continue assistance for students already under their support
particularly for students in secondary schools and higher
institutions until appropriate arrangements are made for their
repartition;
Two) Compile adequate information on students and persons
in need of financial support from the Sudan Government.
Article 6. The Relief and Resettlement Commission shall arrange
for the education of all returnees who were attending primary
schools.
This agreement is hereby concluded on this twenty-seventh
day of the month of February in the year one thousand nine
hundred and seventy two, A.D, in this city Addis Ababa, Ethiopia,
between the Government of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan
on the one hand and the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement
on the other. It shall come into force on the date and hour
fixed for its ratification by the President of the Democratic
Republic of the Sudan and the Leader of the Southern Sudan
Liberation Movement. It shall be ratified by the said by two
Leaders in person or
through their respective authorized Representatives, in this
city, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, at the twelfth hour at noon, on
the twelfth day of the month of March, in the year on thousand
nine hundred and seventy two, A.D.
In witness whereof, we the Representatives of the Government
of the Democratic Republic of the Sudan and the Representatives
of the Southern Sudan Liberation Movement hereby append our
signatures in the presence
of the Representative of His Imperial Majesty the Emperor
of Ethiopia and the Representatives of the World Council of
Churches, the All Africa Conference of Churches, and the Sudan
Council of Churches.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE SUDAN
1. Abel Alier-Wal Kuai, Vice President and Minister of State
for Southern Affairs.
2. Dr. Mansour Khalid, Minister for foreign Affairs.
3. Dr. Gaafar Mohammed Ali Bakheit, Minister for Local Government
4. Major-General Mohammed Al Baghir Ahmed, Minister of Interior.
5. Abel Rahman Abdalla, Minister of Public Service and Administrative
Reform.
6. Brigadier Mirghani Suleiman
7. Colonel Kamal Abashar.
FOR THE SOUTHERN SUDAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT
1. Ezboni Mondiri Gwonza, Leader of the Delegation.
2. Dr. Lawrence Wol Wol, Secretary of the Delegation.
3. Mading deGarang, Spokesman of the Delegation.
4. Colonel Frederick Brian Maggot, Special Military Representative.
5. Oliver Batali Albino, Member.
6. Anelo Voga Morjan, Member.
7. Rev. Paul Puot, Member.
8. Job Adier de Jok, Member.
Witnesses
1. Nabiyelul Kifle, Representative of His Imperial Majesty
the Emperor of Ethiopia.
2. Leopolda J. Niilus, Representative of the World Council
of Churches.
3. Kodwo E. Akrah, Representative of the World Council of
Churches.
4. Burgess Carr, General Secretary All Africa Council of Churches.
5. Samuel Athi Bwogo, Representative of the Sudan Council
of Churches.
Attestation
I attest that these signatures are genuine and true.
Burgess Carr, Moderator.
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Dr David Hoile
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